梨汁生产配方的研究

采用L_9(3~3)正交试验研究梨汁的配方,在单因素试验的基础上,确定生产出风味纯正的梨汁的最佳配方为:梨加入量2.5 kg,糖质量分数6.5%,糖水添加量6.0 kg。     

The Seasonal Variation in Bioactive Compounds Content in Juice from Organic and Non-organic Tomatoes

A specific objective of this paper was to evaluate seasonal changes in bioactive compounds level (carotenoids and polyphenols) in juice prepared from organic and non-organic tomatoes in Poland. In the examined tomato juice, the content of dry matter, vitamin C, carotenoids as well as polyphenols (by HPLC method) has been measured. The presented results indicate the impact of the growing system and the year of production on the composition of tomato juice. The organic tomato juice contained significantly more beta-carotene, chlorogenic acid, rutin as well as more total phenolic acids, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, total flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin in comparison with the non-organic. The tomato juice from 2008 contained significantly more carotenoids and some flavonoids compared to the one produced in 2009, which contained significantly more dry matter, vitamin C, as well as quercetin and it derivatives.     

Expression of inflammation-mediated cluster of genes as a new marker of canine mammary malignancy

Because canine mammary tumours constitute a serious clinical problem and there are no good prognostic markers (only histopathological variables are used), the aim of the presented study was to find new malignancy markers as well as to identify intracellular pathways and biological processes characteristic for canine mammary malignancy. We compared gene expression of the most malignant mammary tumours (poorly differentiated cancers of the 3rd grade of malignancy) with less malignant tumours (well differentiated cancers of the 1st grade of malignancy). The results of our study indicated that in dogs the number of tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells or expression of myeloid-specific antigens by cancer cells is related to the cancer progression and may constitute a new marker of malignancy, however further studies in this field are required.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate in chickens and turkeys

1. Pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and sodium salicylate (SS) were assessed following single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight to chickens and turkeys. Plasma drug concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and pharmacokinetic variables were calculated using a non-compartmental model.

2. The mean residence time (MRT) of salicylate (SA) after i.v. administration of SS was 6.08 ± 0.59 and 3.32 ± 0.27 h and after oral administration was 6.95 ± 0.72 and 4.55 ± 0.71 h in chickens and turkeys, respectively. The elimination half-life (T _{1/2 e}) was shorter in turkeys compared with chickens. The value of body clearance (Cl_B) was higher in turkeys than in chickens, but the apparent volume of distribution (V _ss) was similarly low in both species. The bioavailability of SS was complete and the maximal plasma concentration of SA (C _max) after oral administration was 96.93 ± 8.06 and 91.76 ± 9.64 µg/ml, respectively, in chickens and turkeys.

3. The MRT of ASA after iv administration was 0.24 ± 0.08 and 0.24 ± 0.02 h and after oral administration was 0.78 ± 0.25 and 0.59 ± 0.13 h, respectively, in chickens and turkeys. In both species, T _{1/2 e} was very short, Cl_B and V _ss were similar and markedly higher than those of salicylate. The bioavailability of unchanged ASA was low and C _max after oral administration was 6.9 ± 3.6 µg/ml in chickens and 8.6 ± 1.3 µg/ml in turkeys.     

基于离散元法的果园开沟刀具的仿真与试验研究

为探究自主研制的果园立式单轴开沟机刀片数量对开沟质量及功耗的影响及刀片在作业过程中受力最大的部位,采用离散元法建立了4刀片刀具开沟过程的仿真模型,并运用转速—扭矩测量平台获得了开沟过程中刀具的真实功耗,得出仿真模型的误差为9.3%,从而验证了离散元法对刀具开沟过程进行模拟的可行性。运用该仿真模型分别对刀片数目为3和5的刀具开沟过程进行了仿真研究,结果表明:当刀片数目为3时刀具的功耗最小,刀片数目为4为时开沟效果最好。通过分析4刀片刀具工作时的受力情况,得知其在工作开始时功耗波动较大,底端刃口处始终受到较大力的作用,因而应对其进行耐磨处理。     

Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of soil microbial properties in a conventionally managed arable field

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Knowledge about the spatio-temporal variability of soil microbial properties is crucial in evaluating their structure-function relationship and their impact on...     

Fruit Physical Features,Phenolic Compounds Profile and Inhibition Activities of Cranberry Cultivars (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Compared to Wild-Grown Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus)

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - This study analysed fruits of cranberry cultivars: Ben Lear, Bergman, Early Richard, Pilgrim and Stevens and compared them with wild-grown cranberry fruits. The...     

中缅油气管道沿线地质灾害分析与防治

中缅油气管道(缅甸段)地质条件复杂,管道穿越若开山区和缅北高原,由于建设期大面积扰动地表,改变了原始地貌,铺设管道后重新回填的土体力学强度低、水敏感性强,受汛期强降雨和洪水的影响,管道沿线出现了大量滑坡、河沟道水毁、坡面水毁、已建水工失效等地质灾害,导致多处露管、悬管,严重威胁了管道的安全运营。重点分析了沿线地质灾害的类型、成因及结构特征,并分别对若开山区和缅北高原的地质灾害提出了防治措施,以期对类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Jet Fuel Contamination in an Unconfined Sandy Aquifer

Leakage of jet fuel from an oil skimmer has resulted in soil and groundwater contamination at the fire fighting training site of the Oslo international airport. The site is located on an unconfined sandy aquifer formed by the Gardermoen ice contact delta. A strong relationship between hydrogeological settings and spatial distribution of the hydrocarbons has been observed. Leaching hydrocarbons constitute a source of dissolved BTEX and naphthalene. Concentration of the dissolved hydrocarbons, electron acceptors and metabolic by-products has revealed concomitant changes in space and in time, in response to groundwater fluctuations. Correlation between high concentrations of hydrocarbons, elevated alkalinity and depleted electron acceptors supports the hypothesis that intrinsic bioremediation has been taking place at the site. Naphthalene, however, has been found persistent under anoxic conditions. Calculations of biodegradation potential indicates that Fe(III) reduction, methanogenesis, nitrate and sulphate reduction are the main factors controlling biodegradation.